The Rights Of Women s Rights - 1810 Words

The rights of women have become more than just a single movement, but an ongoing struggle. Women are continuing to fight for their rights in almost every aspect of life. Everyday life has become a struggle. The things women were born to do they are shamed for. Society has put a giant red target on their backs to shoot at. The struggle for women’s rights hasn’t just â€Å"gone away† or â€Å"been settled† if anything it’s been introduced to an even wider playing field. â€Å"The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims: â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.† Yet women’s freedom,dignity,and equality are persistently compromised by law and by custom in ways that men’s are not.† (Peters,Julie) Equal can be defined as a person or thing considered to be the same as another in status or quality. The status of man to woman is not equal, but you are supposed to believ e it is. The past is the past, strive for the future they say. Women’s inequality is not a thing of the past. â€Å"Feminism in the twenty-first century has unmistakably global dimensions but is also ever less obviously one, single movement.† (Ferree,Myra) Women aren’t just fighting to vote anymore, instead they are fighting to get a job and keep it, feel safe in society, and not be taken advantage of for their feminine nature. If the fight for equality is still such a major issue when isn’t it openly addressed to the public eye? Shukamith Firestone has an opinion on the issue she saysShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights And The Rights1239 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history women have had to repeatedly fight for the basic rights readily given to their male counterparts. The right to vote, the right to own property, the right to divorce, and the right to an equal education are only a few of many examples in which women have had to fight for gender equali ty against their peers, and even their own government. I believe the women’s plight of this generation is a woman’s right to an abortion. It is my opinion that women should retain the right to an abortionRead MoreWomen s Rights And Rights1010 Words   |  5 PagesIslamic regimes. Beginning from the constitutional period from 1905-1911, women began to mobilize and organized acts of defiance such as boycotts, riots, and protests. Despite the numerous odds against them, including not being classified as â€Å"citizens† equal under the constitution, women’s movements in Iran grew steadily over the early 1900’s. Women’s organizations produced scholarly publications discussing women’s rights and arguing for representation (Mahdi 429). The Pahlavi period from 1925 toRead MoreThe Rights Of Women s Rights Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesabout women get abused, tortured and the way men treated or looked at them. I feel their pain, suffering an d humiliation, so I became a supporter for women s right back in Vietnam to protect people who I believe that needed help. However, it does not last for long after I moved to the United State where women s rights is a big thing. At first, I was delighted that finally there is a place where women get respects and attention, but after a few research, my perspective started to change. Women in theRead MoreHuman Rights And Women s Rights1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthis conference, let it be that human rights are women’s rights and women’s rights are human rights once and for all.† On September 5, 1995, 180 countries came together in Beijing China to hear first lady Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. The target audience for this speech is governments and other organizations that can help meet the goal of making women s rights human rights. She addressed problems that every singleRead More Women s Rights For Equal Rights1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn the U.S and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. The movement continues today and as more and more women are call upon to be aware of their roles in the society. However, the force of masculine force is still dominated and make it hard for women. Some complain and doubt that feminists have cross the line which thrown the society to another extreme, putting male into discrimination, demanding a retrivition of their male power. Sheryl Sandberg, AmericanRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspi ring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their lives

Spreading Awareness About Elderly Suicide - 956 Words

Spreading awareness about elderly suicide is important because society should not turn a blind eye on the issue just because they are old. There is a huge disparity between what people feel towards suicides in relation to age. First of all, people believe that being old is a negative aspect so suicide can be a rational thought. On the other hand, people are disheartened when younger people end their lives because they feel that they have more to lose As a matter of fact, rational suicide is a term that is especially popular with older people. In a way, it works as a final exit for the elderly (Humphry, 1992). Rational or assisted suicide is usually associated with patients who have unbearable constant pain because of their sickness. In fact, about two-thirds of Americans are in favor of assisted suicide because they think it is the best option for those who are old (Moody Sasser, 2010). This has a lot of moral implications because it shows a lazy society who just encourages depressi on rather than finding a way to fix the problem. The first way to spread awareness is to be aware of the common misconceptions about suicide. Everyone should be aware of them so they can help other people better. The first misconception is that suicidal people are very determined to kill themselves and there is nothing society can do to stop them. According to Suicide Awareness Voices of Education, â€Å"even the most severely depressed person has mixed feelings about death† (Smith, 2016). TheseShow MoreRelatedSuicide Is A Serious Topic1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent points of views on suicide. What s yours? Do you think it is wrong? Do you think it is right? Do you think it is stupid? Do you think it is no good for you or anyone around you? Well, put your answers aside for a second because this paper is going to get deep and pretty personal. So you might get as well get comfortable, especially if this is a topic that hits home to you. I think that suicide is a very serious topic in the society today. In my eyes, suicide is the way you try to comeRead MoreFinal Project T3064846 Words   |  20 PagesEveryone should be thanked for his/her involvement by providing information and they must be protected from harm and know what happened in the information that was provided by them. Introduction: Violence is a complex issue that has been spreading widely and tremendously in Lebanon. It is present in schools, work situations, streets, etc. I have chosen the messy situation â€Å"Family Violence in Lebanese† as my situation of interest. Family violence and abuse can happen to anyone, yet the problemRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesthe sexual contacts and inform them of the likelihood of infection. This will help to minimise the spread of the infection. * Early treatment as we have seen is essential both to prevent serious damage to the patient and to reduce the chances of spreading the disease. * Infections in most cases is caused by close body contact through sexual relations, control is in the hands of each individual adult. * Do not have sexual relationships with an infected person. Avoid all contact with blood from otherRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia2323 Words   |  10 PagesAssisted Suicide Assisted suicide is the act of deliberately assisting or encouraging another person to kill themselves (Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide , 2014). When talking about assisted suicide there are two types: Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) and Euthanasia. Although they both have very similar goals but, they differ in which role the physician has in the action that finally ends life. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"the act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and sufferingRead MoreElderly Care Ministry Proposal6882 Words   |  28 PagesELDERLY CARE MINISTRY PROPOSAL We are grateful to our church elders for recognizing the need to minister to the elderly people who reside in our community’s assisted living facility, and for their desire to impact the residents, their families and over time the community at large with the love of Jesus Christ. We appreciate the confidence and support bestowed upon us in designing a ministry plan to care for both member and non-member elderly residents. It is our goal to establish a ministryRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Act 20053630 Words   |  15 Pages IMPACT Domestic violence can come about to anyone of any race, age, sexual orientation, religion or sex. It can come about to couples who are married, living jointly or who are dating. Domestic violence affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and culture levels. LAW ACTS In 1983, domestic violence was recognized as aRead MoreDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy3825 Words   |  16 PagesDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy In the Beginning The Battered Womens movement of the 1970s enlightened society about a much secreted, and what at the time, was considered a family matter, that of violence against women by their male intimate partners. Many lives have been saved as a direct result of societys public awareness of this much-hidden scourge on our families. Federal and state laws prohibiting Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) have been enacted, and funding has been put in placeRead MoreEssay about P1 Public Health Strategies in the Uk and Their Origins.7669 Words   |  31 Pagesfor asthma or Dentist to check up on teeth and make sure they are in good condition plus Orthodontic. Also the NHS provide a free midlife MOT to check people aged between 40-74, to make sure they are in good health and to help reduce the number of elderly who suffer with high blood pressure. Also for HIV, they monitor the health of the population with HIV tracking the number of people with HIV within the population. This helps the NHS find out th e population of people with HIV in order for them toRead MoreFrauds in Insurance11958 Words   |  48 Pagescollected by the insurance companies in the form of premiums. HISTORY OF INSURANCE Insurance sector in India is one of the booming sectors of the economy and is growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annum. Together with banking services, it contributes to about 7 per cent to the countrys GDP. Insurance is a federal subject in India and Insurance industry in India is governed by Insurance Act, 1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, InsuranceRead MoreDiscourse on Aboriginal Health Care7025 Words   |  29 Pagesmould, particularly toxigenic moulds, and some diseases, notably asthma. These health problems usually improve when families are relocated to more suitable accommodation. Those particularly at risk include atopic, immunocompromised, very young and elderly individuals and those with chronic health conditions. Our experience suggests that substandard housing is a major contributor to poor health in First Nations communities. While working at the nursing station many mothers weekly asks, â€Å" could it be

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia - 1267 Words

In the United States, in 2012, approximately 1% or 2.4 million people were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder in which symptoms usually develop in men in their late teens or early twenties, and women in their early twenties and thirties (Anderson, 2014). It is a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by a noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by a disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of feeling, thought, perception, and behavior (p. 580). Clinicians classify schizophrenia as positive, negative, or cognitive. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, which may include auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile hallucinations. Delusions or false beliefs are also positive symptoms, as is disorganized thinking and movement disorders. Negative symptoms include flat affect, ahedonia, or apathy. Cognitive symptoms include a decreased ability to understand information, and using that information to make decisions (Herzog Varcarolis, 2011). Men with schizophrenia do not outwardly express their emotions, when compared to women with schizophrenia. This can result in a decrease of self-value, social interaction, and life satisfaction. Understanding ones emotions can create a healthier lifestyle, with a more functional outcome (Mote, Stuart, Kring, 2014). Individuals with schizophrenia are frequently victimized than otherShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1176 Words   |  5 Pages Symptoms The symptoms of schizophrenia are wide and varied, typically falling into three main categories, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Each of these symptom types affect the patient in different ways, and in different degrees of severity. The symptoms may range from mildly irritating, to severe and debilitating. Positive symptoms are behaviors not normally seen in healthy people. Negative symptoms are behaviors that are usually exhibited in healthy people but areRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1671 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is defined many ways, but each definition of this disorder is correct. No two individuals will have the exact same symptoms of schizophrenia. The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek words that mean â€Å"split mind†. This disorder can lead to many other problems throughout a person’s lifetime. There are many different symptoms that can help with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but each of the sym ptoms can also be contributed to other disorders. The symptoms of schizophrenia appearRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia904 Words   |  4 Pagessigns symptoms observed. Some of the disorders are caused by different factors and reveal divergent signs and symptoms which are depended on the field of the body infected. This paper purposes at critically evaluating and analyzing psychological disorder referred to as schizophrenia by demonstrating its symptoms and their occurrences. It will discuss the causes of this type of psychological disorder and possible diagnostic together treatments mechanisms of this kind of disease. Schizophrenia is aRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1077 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenias is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices (APA,2015). I choose to touch on the topic of schizophrenia because I always been interested the topic itself. The one thing I wondered is if there are different stages of schizophrenia and why it may be hard to diagnose. Schizophrenia is a mental disease that’s very hard to pinpoint in a person, whichRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia Symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder which is characterized by an inability to distinguish what is real and subsequent abnormal behavior. Literally translating from the Greek skhizein and phrÄ“n meaning ‘split-mind’, schizophrenia is characterized by both positive symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, and also negative symptoms, e.g. apathy, Anhedonia, and deficits in executive functioning. The Diagnostic and StatisticalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1153 Words   |  5 Pages 1 / 3 Cindy Tien 3-18-15 Per.6 Schizophrenia What is Schizophrenia? Can you imagine living day by day having to hear and see things that nobody else could? You feel alone, lost and different amongst other normal people. Believe it or not, approximately twenty five million people in America have been impacted by this disease called schizophrenia. What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is mental disorder distinguished by disturbances within thought patterns, attention, and emotions. UnfortunatelyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia Over 2 million Americans suffer with schizophrenia each day. A vast majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia suffer from hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech. Hallucinations are sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation; therefore, people with schizophrenia may see people or things that are not really there and may even hold conversions or have relationships with these â€Å"people†. Delusions are false beliefs about reality. Someone withRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1569 Words   |  7 Pagesmental health professionals, Jaime was confirmed to have paranoid schizophrenia. Jaime was immediately put on antipsychotic medication, and after about 3 months of taking that medication, he started attending psychological treatment. He has been continuing with both procedures for about a year. Today, his medication dose has lowered and he has shown much improvement compared to when he first was diagnosed. Introduction Positive symptoms are behaviors that aren t seen in healthy people, people whoRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1049 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Schizophrenia Madison M. Sulak Dr. Linstrum PSYCH 2301 East Texas Baptist University Fall 2015 Pg. 1 A brain disorder can be triggered by multiple different things such as a stroke, abnormal growths, any type of viral infection, or cancer. There are countless types of brain disorders that people are diagnosed with daily. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).

MHL 145 Chapter 6 Essay - 725 Words

1. Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. 3. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the†¦show more content†¦They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. 10. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. 1. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm

Case Study †THE BIG “O” COMPANY Free Essays

The Big â€Å"O† Company manufactures large hydraulic units. One of the most difficult items to manufacture is the hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder housing is fabricated from a malleable iron casting. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study – THE BIG â€Å"O† COMPANY or any similar topic only for you Order Now The housing is machined to close tolerances, and the slightest discrepancy in either material or machining means a total loss. Machine cycle time on a typical housing is approximately sixteen hours. For several years, castings had been purchased from the Macon Foundries in Georgia. Macon had been a Big â€Å"O† supplier for many years, and during that time it produced thousands of castings at acceptable quality levels. Eight months ago, however, when its founder and president, George Chapel, died, Macon announced that it was discontinuing foundry operations. The supply department at Big â€Å"O† undertook a search for new sources. At first, few suppliers could be found who were either capable or willing to meet the exacting specifications and tolerances required. Ultimately, however, three foundries were selected and invited to submit bids on 4,000 castings. The low bidder, at $76. 17 a unit, was the Barry Foundry of Muncie, Indiana. Barry was a small concern with a good reputation for doing quality work and fulfilling every delivery promise. Barry was given a purchase order for the full 4,000 units, with the stipulation that Big â€Å"O† approve the first 100 units. Within two weeks the first 100 castings were received. They were subjected to initial inspection and then dispatched to the floor for machining. In the words of the shop foreman, â€Å"They machined like butter. Barry was told to proceed with the entire order and a four-month delivery schedule. It was about this time that problems began to develop in the shop. Some hard castings had damaged both grinding wheels and cutting tools. Also, cracks from casting porosity appeared on newly machined surfaces and slots. Although these conditions were not present in all castings, they occurred in a sufficient number to warrant action. It was determined that quality standards ti ghter than those of the existing supply management standard would be required. All suppliers were to be notified immediately. Accordingly, the supply manager contacted Barry and told the supplier to stop production of castings to the old standard, advising that new specifications were now being developed and would be issued within the next two days. To the supply manager’s shock, he learned that Barry had completed all 4,000 castings. Having had approval on the first 100 units, Barry established production on a continuous-line basis and turned out castings at a fast, steady rate. Because the order called for deliveries to extend over the next four months, Barry was holding the castings and shipping them in accordance with the schedule. To meet the new supply management standard, it was obvious that Barry would have to either scrap all the old castings and produce new ones, or undergo an expensive process of re-annealing. What are Barry’s legal obligations in this matter? Comment on the fact that Barry had already produced the full-order quantity of 4,000 well in advance of actual delivery requirements. What does the supply manager do now? How to cite Case Study – THE BIG â€Å"O† COMPANY, Free Case study samples

International Journal of Intercultural Relations - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the International Journal of Intercultural Relations. Answer: Introduction Self-awareness can be defined as the constant attention that is given to an individual. It also refers to reflective awareness of an individual where mind plays an important role in examining and observing the experience with different types of emotions. It can be said that manifestation of self-awareness and self-development is often seen in real life situations. It is essential to develop self awareness because it helps the individuals to grow in different stages of life and thus get the desired psychological maturity that is related to other individuals. The cultural self awareness plays a vital role in the life of the individuals because it helps in individual bonding and people with different cultural background can understand the cultural values and thus respect one another. It can be said that cultural intelligence is necessary for an individual to develop self-awareness and this refers to the capacity and ability of the person to adjust to a new cultural setting for people wi th different cultural backgrounds. The individuals with high cultural intelligence must be in harmony with the cultural norms, morale, attitude and body language of the people. In certain cases, self-awareness is defined as the process of reasoning that is associated with high level of integration associated with the experiences of an individual and realism. The interaction between the different stages of cognitive part of emotion and mind will help in producing the desired outcome that is associated with an individual. Moreover, self-awareness also enables an individual in the determination of future state that will guide and help the individuals to set the goals for future. The paper will highlight the importance of self-awareness in the development of cultural intelligence among the managers, team leaders and administrators. It can be said that in different aspects of an individuals life each person has their individual way of doing their task. An example can be cited of a manager about his/her individual career and how it will be subjected to production. The manager must also have the capacity to interact with other people in the organization because there might be people from different cultural backgrounds and it is important to adapt with them accordingly. It is important for the managers to carry out cultural self-awareness check so that they can succeed in the organization. This will help in motivating the managers and knowing their cultural self-development progress in their profession so that they can rectify their problems (TomalinStempleski, 2013). The role of manager is changing continuously and the managers must adapt to the changes so that they can manage uncertain work environment and complex situations in the organization. According to me, I think self-awareness will help an individual to develop continuously and it is essential for the success of any individual. This helps in inspiring the population to a large extent and if the individual is motivated, they can motivate other individuals and this will help them to manage things in the right way (Tomalin Stempleski, 2013). The ability of the people to work with multitude of people from varied cultural backgrounds constitutes the cultural background of the people. It can be said that self-developmentis based on self-awareness test and thus it helps in the development of skills of the individuals. Livermore, Van Dyne Ang (2012) predicted that cultural intelligence is transformative and inward journey of cultural information that includes a keen understanding of the contextual factors in the organization.This has tried to shed light on the different ways that has helped in molding the culture and thus is regarded as part of culture in the organization. The author has also stated that the relationships and perceptions that are shaped by different cultural backgrounds. This kind of thought will help to shape individual culture that plays a vital role in shaping cultural intelligence (Livermore, Van Dyne, Ang, 2012). Cultural self-awareness also results in self-motivation and self-development based on the experiences of the individuals that will help in working with different groups of people. It will also help people to realize their individual strength so that it becomes easier to deal with people from different cultural backgrounds (MacNab, Worthley, 2012). It is necessary to recognize the strength and weakness of the people that will help in the management of the organization. Moreover, self-awareness test is also necessary and responsible for the managers who are trying to manage their subjects for the people with different cultural backgrounds. It can be said that the self-awareness test will help people to achieve and fulfill their own goals and thus managing their own life (Mirsky, 2013). It can be said that cultural self-awareness helps in checking the incessant and the self-development progress helps the leaders to develop their own behaviors and subjects that are regarded appropriate in the workplace(TomalinStempleski, 2013). This will give the managers a proper outcome of the anticipations and it will also help in the development of cultural and behavioural changes in the work environment (Robbins, Judge, Millett, Boyle, 2013).Self-awareness also helps the individuals to perceive and investigate the various kinds of transactional activities in the work environment that involves different kinds of people in the organization. This will help the individuals to embrace cultural intelligence by allowing people to develop their professional goals and careers. Thus, it can be said that cultural self-awareness will help the people to study the manners, rituals and philosophies among the different people and thus it will help in comprehending the likelihood that will affe ct the people (Mirsky, 2013). Cultural self-awareness will help to make people intelligent and this can be done by increasing the fortes, disappointments, objectives, emotions and morals of the people (Erez et al., 2013). This will enable to comprehend the conflicts and pressures from the people with different cultural backgrounds. This will also help to solve the varied cultural issues that will not affect the other party. It will also allow people to develop cultural intelligence that will help in the development of team bonding across cross-cultural teams (Toamlin Stempleski, 2013) Conclusion Thus, it can be said that it is impossible to define globalism without highlighting the cultural issues of the individuals. The organizations must also emphasize on the cross cultural trade relations that will help the people from different cultural backgrounds to seek cultural intelligence. The success of an organization is dependent on the unity among the stakeholders in the organization and thus they can deal effectively and efficiently with one another. Therefore, it is important to become conscious and aware of an individuals judgment, principles, attitudes and social values among the people from varied ethnic group in which cultural self-awareness plays a vital role. References Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013).Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Livermore, D., Van Dyne, L., Ang, S. (2012). Cultural Intelligence: Why every leader needs it.Intercultural Management Quarterly,13(2), 18-21. MacNab, B. R., Worthley, R. (2012)..International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(1), 62-71. Mirsky, J. (2013). Getting to Know the Piece of Fluff in Our Ears: Expanding Practitioners' Cultural Self-Awareness.Social Work Education,32(5), 626-638. Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2013).OrganizationalBehavior. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tomalin, B., Stempleski, S. (2013).Cultural Awareness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L., Koh, C. (2012).. Social and Personality Psychology Compass,6(4), 295-313.

Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Prediction-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Prediction? Answer: Introduction The idea related to Intelligent Transport Systems and Autonomous Vehicles is driver-less vehicles and public transport services. This idea is due to accidents happening daily across the globe. The concept is that driver-less vehicles and public transport services will minimize the road accidents and it will adhere to ethics and safety (Litman 2017). This concept will help to reduce accidents that are caused by human errors, global warming and greenhouse gases. The above idea will solve the issue of safety concerns of traffic accidents. The problem of traffic customs that humans always break will be solved by this idea of driverless vehicles. The problem will be solved as they will adhere to traffic rules and regulations such as overtaking and high speed issues (CNBC. 2017). This driver-less cars will also solve issues of traffic congestion by taking alternate routes. This idea however will not work in recent scenario due to certain issues such as environmental behaviors References CNBC. 2017.The problem with self-driving cars could turn out to be humans. [online] Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/11/the-problem-with-self-driving-cars-could-turn-out-to-be-humans.html [Accessed 10 Feb. 2018]. Litman, T., 2017.Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

International business Essays (1171 words) - Chevron Corporation

International business Tarhab Motiwala Assignment 3 1. A visiting American executive finds that a foreign subsidiary in a poor nation has hired a 12-year-old girl to work on a factory floor, in violation of the company's prohibition on child labor . He tells the local manager to replace the child and tell her to go back to school. The local manager tells the American executive that the child is an orphan with no other means of support, and she will probably become a street child if she is denied work. What should the American executive do? ANS. This question, illustrating a potentially very real ethical dilemma facing managers working in subsidiaries located in developing countries, is designed to stimulate class discussion. Students should recognize that neither alternativeviolating the company's position on child labor , nor putting the child out on the streetsseems acceptable. In the end, many students may agree that allowing the child to continue to work in the factory is the lesser of the two evils. 2. Drawing upon John Rawls's concept of the veil of ignorance, develop an ethical code that will (a) guide the decisions of a large oil multinational toward environmental protection, and (b) influence the policies of a clothing company to outsourcing of manufacturing process. ANS. According to John Rawls, a decision is just and ethical if people would allow for it when designing a social system under a veil of ignorance. Rawls' veil of ignorance is a conceptual tool that can contribute towards the moral compass that managers can use to help them navigate through difficult ethical dilemmas. 3. Under what conditions is it ethically defensible to outsource production to the developing world where labor costs are lower when such actions also involve laying off long-term employees in the firm's home country? ANS. This question is likely to stimulate some lively discussion, particularly if students have personally felt the impact of this practice. Many American companies are outsourcing not only blue collar work, but white collar positions to the developing world. Students are facing a tenuous job market where positions that they may have sought when they began their college degrees are being "shipped abroad." Some students will argue that companies have to do what is best for all stakeholders, and if that means taking advantage of cheaper labor costs elsewhere, then that is the appropriate strategy. Others however, will probably argue that companies owe a social debt to their home countries, and that loyalty from long term employees should be rewarded. 4. Are facilitating payments (speed payments) ethical? ANS. Although facilitating payments are legal, facilitating payment are questionably from an ethical point of view. In many countries, payoffs to government officials in the form of speed money area part of life. From a practical standpoint, giving bribes, although a little evil, might be the price that must be paid to do a greater good. According to the textbook, several economists advocate this reasoning, suggesting that in the context of pervasive and cumbersome regulations in developing countries, corruption may improve efficiency and help growth. These economists theorize that in a country where pre-existing political structures distort or limit the workings of the market mechanism, corruption in the form of black- marketeering , smuggling, and side payments to government bureaucrats to "speed up" approval for business investments may enhance welfare. However, facilitating payments allows for unfair competition. Smaller businesses have fewer opportunities and less fin ancial possibilities when larger corporations can bribe foreign government officials. In addition, facilitating payments provides a dependence on irregular payments, creates additional risk, and discourages investment. In my opinion, I think facilitating payments are unethical from a business standpoint. 5. A manager from a developing country is overseeing a multinational's operations in a country where drug trafficking and lawlessness are rife. One day, a representative of a local "big man" approaches the manager and asks for a "donation" to help the big man provide housing for the poor. The representative tells the manager that in return for the donation, the big man will make sure that the manager has a productive stay in his country. No threats are made, but the manager is well aware that the big man heads a

John Locke Theory on Personal Identity free essay sample

Outline and critically discuss Locke’s theory of personal identity. John Locke laid down the systematic groundwork of personal identity in the study of modern philosophy. Locke highlights his approach to the problem of personal identity in Chapter XXVII of the book II in An Essay concerning Human Understanding. This paper will explore the features that persuaded Locke to treat the problem of personal identity and then go on to analyse Locke’s theory in light of these factors. It will then inspect the implications of his theory. Furthermore it will contain a brief assessment of the theory’s historical significance.In exploring the reasons as to why Locke treated the problem on personal identity, it is crucial to understand that his views arose from the ones presented by the French philosopher Rene Descartes. Descartes was a Cartesian and thought that each person was a unified non-extended mental substance whom was unchanged by experience (Skirry, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke Theory on Personal Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Descartes believed in the existence of innate ideas, and the foundation of knowledge believed truth to be located in these ideas (Descartes, 2007, p 13-16). Locke saw many of the struggles that track from this opinion as he himself had an empirical way of thinking, it struck to him that these might be avoided if it could be revealed convincingly that innate ideologies are not present. In BookLocke saw many of the struggles that track from this opinion as he himself had an empirical way of thinking, it struck to him that these might be avoided if it could be revealed convincingly that innate ideologies are not present. In Book I he argues that they do not exist and that our theories must be built on experience and he then published Book II to shed light on the way our concept of personal identity must derive from our experience (Uzgalis, 2010). Locke’s view of personal identity in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, explores the relationship of substances to ones self. He asserts ‘†¦our specific ideas of substances are nothing else but a collection of a certain number of simple ideas, considered as united in one thing,’(Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) implying that an individual’s awareness is not equipped with any unblemished ideas of substance, and thus can have no instinctual knowledge of its nature. Furthermore he distinguishes between what he declares to be the conditions of identity. He accomplishes this through the deliberation of ‘Principium Individuationis’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII), which explains that the conditions of identity, for that of masses of matter are distinct from vegetables and animals. Then raises the question of whether the conditions of identity are somewhat dissimilar to that of humans. From thisHe asserts ‘†¦our specific ideas of substances are nothing else but a collection of a certain number of simple ideas, considered as united in one thing,’(Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) implying that an individual’s awareness is not equipped with any unblemished ideas of substance, and thus can have no instinctual knowledge of its nature. Furthermore he distinguishes between what he declares to be the conditions of identity. He accomplishes this through the deliberation of ‘Principium Individuationis’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII), which explains that the conditions of identity, for that of masses of matter are distinct from vegetables and animals.Then raises the question of whether the conditions of identity are somewhat dissimilar to that of humans. From this viewpoint he elucidates that it looks as though humans are a type of animal as they too grow and change. Locke states ‘the organization of life that supports nourishment and growth’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) is what makes vegetables, animals, and humans unalike from masses of matter because we are furnished with the organisation of life. Locke suggests ‘†¦consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makesLocke suggests ‘†¦consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes e very one to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). From this viewpoint it is evident that having consciousness will prevent a man, as long as his existence continues to be other than what he already is. For example Locke argues that, if the consciousness (soul) of a person left the body of its informant and entered another’s it would not be the same person. He uses the example ‘For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the prince’s past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince, accountable only for the princess actions but who would say it was the same man?’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). This passage emphasizes that the idea ofThis passage emphasizes that the idea of person is different to the idea of man, and we know that they are not identical but identity is oneness. Locke theorizes ‘Self is that conscious thinking thing†¦which is sensible or conscious of pleasure and pain, capable of happiness or misery and so is concerned for itself as far as that consciousness is concerned’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). Th us each person’s consciousness is different, and can never be identical to that of another. Our thoughts and memories are formed by individual experience therefore change of consciousness/memory will result in a change in the person.Some of the implications of John Locke’s theory of personal identity consist of problems when people are faced with loss of memory. Locke suggests, failure to remember, rids them of their identity; an example Locke uses is ‘a total amnesiac will have identity at an instant if they are conscious, rational and self-aware, but no identity over time’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). Furthermore his theory in light of people, who have memory loss, isn’t applicable as these individuals carry the same mind throughout the span of their lifetime.This is also evident when he says that ‘God would find someone innocent of a crime, if they had forgotten committing it’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). While the framework of consciousness may appear to be stable, we see the substance is in continuous flux. The historical significance of this theory is seen through the influence of Locke’s book (An Essay Concerning Human Understanding), which has had influence on other philosophers.Gottfried Leibnitz was one of the many who was influenced by Locke’s work, who also criticised his theory. Leibnitz published a rebuttal to Locke’s work, and in it wrote the following called, A New Essay Concerning Human Understanding and in this he attacks Locke’s theory, chapter to chapter he goes on to disproof Locke’s theory (Leibnitz, 1698, p, 13-20). Since Locke’s theory of personal identity was one of the first to analyse the conception of consciousness and that of the self, his criticisers such as Leibnitz had a similar empirical concept of the matter regarding personal identity. Nonetheless Locke’s theory is well known among philosophical scholars and his work is greatly appreciated, Having influenced philosophers like Leibnitz it is evident that his theory is still valid to those today, such as functionalists, who outline a person in relation to a set of mental functions.Reference list:-Descartes, R, (2007), Mediations on First philosophy, Nu Vision Publications, Sioux Falls, SD USA, pp, 7-17.-Leibnitz, G, (1698), New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, (publisher NA), pp, 13-20.-Locke, J, (1690), Chapter XXVII, book II, An Essay concerning Human Understanding.-Skirry, J, (2006), Rene Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, viewed 15 April 2012, utm.edu/descmind/>http://www.iep.utm.edu/descmind/-Uzgalis, W, (2010), John Locke,  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta  (ed.), viewed 15 April 2012 http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/locke/.-  Psychology Essays http://essaylab.com/blog/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding

Definition and Examples of Derivation in English

Definition and Examples of Derivation in English In morphology, derivation is the process of creating a new word out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix or a suffix. Adjective: derivational. Linguist Geert Booij notes that one criterion for distinguishing derivation and ​inflection is that derivation may feed inflection, but not vice versa. Derivation applies to the stem-forms of words, without their inflectional endings, and creates new, more complex stems to which inflectional rules can be applied (The Grammar of Words, 2005).   Derivational change that takes place without the addition of a bound morpheme (such as the use of the noun impact as a verb) is called zero derivation or conversion. From the Latin, to draw off. Examples and Observations Derivational morphology studies the principles governing the construction of new words, without reference to the specific grammatical role a word might play in a sentence. In the formation of drinkable from drink, or disinfect from infect, for example, we see the formation of new words, each with its own grammatical properties.(David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005 Derivation versus Inflection Morphology may be divided into derivationrules that form a new word out of old words, like duckfeathers and unkissableand inflectionrules that modify a word to fit its role in a sentence, what language teachers call conjugation and declension. (Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books, 1999)The distinction between inflectional morphology and derivational morphology is an ancient one. Fundamentally, it is a matter of the means used to create new lexemes (derivational affixes among other processes) and those used to mark the role of the lexeme in a particular sentence (accidence, inflectional morphology). . . .It seems that although we probably can maintain a distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology relatively well in Englishalbeit with certain problematical cases which do not invalidate the fundamental notionthe distinction is not helpful to us in understanding any other aspects of the morphology of English. The classification might be useful in terms of typology, but does not throw much light on the behavior of English morphological processes.(Laurie Bauer, Rochelle Lieber, and Ingo Plag, The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2013 Derivation, Compounding, and Productivity Word-formation is traditionally divided into two kinds: derivation and compounding. Whereas in compounding the constituents of a word are themselves lexemes, this is not the case in derivation. For instance, -ity is not a lexeme, and hence taxability is a case of derivation. The word income tax, on the other hand, is a compound since both income and tax are lexemes. Changing the word class of a word, as happened in the creation of the verb to tax from the noun tax, is called conversion, and may be subsumed under derivation. . . .Morphological patterns that can be systematically extended are called productive. The derivation of nouns ending in -er from verbs is productive in English, but the derivation of nouns in -th from adjectives is not: it is hard to expand the set of words of this type such as depth, health, length, strength, and wealth. Marchand (1969: 349) has observed some occasional coinings like coolth (after warmth)  but notes that such word coinings are often jocular, a nd hence do not represent a productive pattern. If we want to coin a new English noun on the basis of an adjective, we have to use -ness or -ity instead. (Geert Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2005 Changes to Meaning and Word Class: Prefixes and Suffixes Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning:Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning: patient: outpatientgroup: subgrouptrial: retrialadjectivedark: darknessverbagree: agreementnounfriend: friendship (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech,  Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman, 2002)

The Chemical and Physical Properties of Lithium, or Li

The Chemical and Physical Properties of Lithium, or Li Lithium is the first metal you encounter on the periodic table. Here are important facts about this element. Lithium Basic Facts Atomic Number: 3Symbol: LiAtomic Weight: [6.938; 6.997]Reference: IUPAC 2009Discovery: 1817, Arfvedson (Sweden)Electron Configuration: [He]2s1Word Origin Greek: lithos, stoneElement Classification: Alkali Metal Lithium Properties Lithium has a melting point of 180.54 C, a boiling point of 1342 C, a specific gravity of 0.534 (20 C), and a valence of 1. It is the lightest of the metals, with a density approximately half that of water. Under ordinary conditions, lithium is the least dense of the solid elements. It has the highest specific heat of any solid element. Metallic lithium is silvery in appearance. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as does sodium. Lithium imparts a crimson color to flame, although the metal itself burns a bright white. Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling. Elemental lithium is extremely flammable. Lithium Uses Lithium is used in heat transfer applications. It is used as an alloying agent, in synthesizing organic compounds, and is added to glasses and ceramics. Its high electrochemical potential makes it useful for battery anodes. Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are highly hygroscopic, so they are used as drying agents. Lithium stearate is used as a high-temperature lubricant. Lithium has medical applications as well. Lithium Sources Lithium does not occur free in nature. It is found in small amounts in practically all igneous rocks and in the waters of mineral springs. The minerals that contain lithium include lepidolite, petalite, amblygonite, and spodumene. Lithium metal is produced electrolytically from the fused chloride. Lithium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 0.534Appearance: soft, silvery-white metalIsotopes: 8 isotopes [Li-4 to Li-11]. Li-6 (7.59% abundance) and Li-7 (92.41% abundance) are both stable.Atomic Radius (pm): 155Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 13.1Covalent Radius (pm): 163Ionic Radius: 68 (1e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 3.489Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 2.89Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 148Debye Temperature ( °K): 400.00Pauling Negativity Number: 0.98First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 519.9Oxidation States: 1Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant (Ã…): 3.490Magnetic Ordering: paramagneticElectrical Resistivity (20 °C): 92.8 nÃŽ ©Ã‚ ·mThermal Conductivity (300 K): 84.8 W ·m−1 ·K−1Thermal Expansion (25 °C): 46  µm ·m−1 ·K−1Speed of Sound (thin rod) (20 °C): 6000 m/sYoungs Modulus: 4.9 GPaShear Modulus: 4.2 GPaBulk Modulus: 11 GPaMohs Hardness: 0.6CAS Registry Number: 7439-93-2 Lithium Trivia Lithium is used extensively in rechargeable battery technology.Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen.Lithium burns red in a flame test.Lithium was first discovered in the mineral petalite (LiAlSi4O10).Lithium is used to create the hydrogen isotope tritium through bombardment of neutrons. Sources Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)IUPAC 2009Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)

John Bergers Extended Definition of Home

John Bergers Extended Definition of Home A highly regarded art critic, novelist, poet, essayist, and screenwriter, John Berger began his career as a painter in London. Among his best-known works are Ways of Seeing (1972), a series of essays about the power of visual images, and G. (also 1972), an experimental novel which was awarded both the Booker Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. In this passage from And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos (1984), Berger draws on the writings of Mircea Eliade, a Romanian-born historian of religion, to offer an extended definition of home. The Meaning of Home by John Berger The term home (Old Norse Heimer, High German heim, Greek komi, meaning village) has, since a long time, been taken over by two kinds of moralists, both dear to those who wield power. The notion of home became the keystone for a code of domestic morality, safeguarding the property (which included the women) of the family. Simultaneously the notion of homeland supplied the first article of faith for patriotism, persuading men to die in wars which often served no other interest except that of a minority of their ruling class. Both usages have hidden the original meaning. Originally home meant the center of the world- not in a geographical, but in an ontological sense. Mircea Eliade has demonstrated how the home was the place from which the world could be founded. A home was established, as he says, at the heart of the real. In traditional societies, everything that made sense of the world was real; the surrounding chaos existed and was threatening, but it was threatening because it was unreal. Without a home at the center of the real, one was not only shelterless but also lost in nonbeing, in unreality. Without a home everything was fragmentation.​ Home was the center of the world because it was the place where a vertical line crossed with a horizontal one. The vertical line was a path leading upwards to the sky and downwards to the underworld. The horizontal line represented the traffic of the world, all the possible roads leading across the earth to other places. Thus, at home, one was nearest to the gods in the sky and to the dead of the underworld. This nearness promised access to both. And at the same time, one was at the starting point and, hopefully, the returning point of all terrestrial journeys.*  Originally published in  And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos, by John Berger (Pantheon Books, 1984). Selected Works by John Berger A Painter of Our Time, novel (1958)Permanent Red: Essays in Seeing, essays (1962)The Look of Things, essays (1972)Ways of Seeing, essays (1972)G., novel (1972)Jonah Who Will Be 25 in the Year 2000, screenplay (1976)Pig Earth, novel (1979)The Sense of Sight, essays (1985)Once in Europe, novel (1987)Keeping a Rendezvous, essays (1991)To the Wedding, novel (1995)Photocopies, essays (1996)Hold Everything Dear: Dispatches on Survival and Resistance, essays (2007)From A to X, novel (2008)

Objection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Objection - Essay Example Consequently, the paper also discusses how appellate court will rule on the objection. The outcome of the alcohol test was issued as one of the evidence (Krey & Theresa, 75). According to the judge, if Fred Friendless has a blood content of 10, they must presume that Fred Friendless is intoxicated. Therefore, obtaining a conviction for Driving while intoxicated, the prosecution will need to establish that Fred Friendless was actually operating the vehicle under the influence. This will be accomplished through circumstantial evidence or by the witness of the eyewitness. From Fred Friendless case, the court will review the Driving While Intoxication conviction where Fred Friendless’ prosecution will prove that he was driving the vehicle. Evidence from the high school head teacher revealed that he measured the skid mark of the defendant and assumed the defendant was driving at least 65 miles per hour. Additionally, the defendant believes that the any person who drinks at least two beers already intoxicated. This is a direct prove that Fred was actually driving under the influence of alcohol (Dolinko,  67). The evidence does not establish that the defendant was under the physical control of the car and hence it is not sufficient to prove that Fred was driving the vehicle. The prosecution also needs to establish the intoxication, which he did not. According to the statutes, it is noted that, intoxication normally occur due to alcohol intake of contraband ingestion. Intoxication is normally hard to articulate. In addition to submitting the blood sample, the police needs to testify the speech, appearance, or behavior and if the police detected the smell of the alcohol beverage on Fred. The factors are important and pertinent evidence of the physical impairment and mental impairment of the defendant. During Berkemer v. McCarty 468 US 420, the Supreme Court believed that the police roadside

Online booking system for parking Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Online booking system for parking - Dissertation Example Effective utilisation of resources could be attributed to the overall success of projects and avoid instances of projects failing mid-way through. Poor project planning continues to be the greatest and common cause for project failures, in different kinds of projects. Regardless of the projects being undertaken, project planning always targets to ensure efficient and effective utilisation of available resources to enhance project implementation process. The project plan shall provide essential guidelines towards execution of the project. This shall involve providing information regarding resource allocation of the various resources. Through proper resource allocation, management of the resources shall become simplified to ensure successful project execution (Kerzner, 2003). Another planning element for the project shall be ensuring effective control of the allocated resources. Controlling ensures efficacy in the utilisation of the resources through eliminating wasteful resource usage during the project implementation. Through efficient controlling process, the resources allocated for the projects shall be able to complete the execution successfully and smoothly. Project planning ensures proper and efficient utilisation of the resources through control in the use of available resources. ... Most project failures remain attributed to resource wastage, which result in resource shortage, and ultimate project failure. Controlling of the movement and proper resource allocation remains a significant contributing factor towards project success. Project charter The project begins with identification of the various parking zones, which shall be included within the online booking platform. The project aims at identifying the upmarket zones with easy accessibility and whose demand for parking remains high during peak and off-peak durations. This shall be followed by an informed analysis of the available infrastructure and capacity of the identified zones. This analysis remains essential in identifying the necessary infrastructural amendments required by different zones to ensure proper functioning of the intended systems, when installed. Upmarket zones with small parking capacity can be considered for expansion to increase the parking space; hence achieve increased earnings from t he parking sales. The project targets at utilising the parking lots with high capacity hence sustainability of the project implementation. The costs incurred in installing the system shall be recovered from the sales received following ticket sales. The project has various stakeholders being directly or indirectly involved within the project implementation. The most notable stakeholders can be identified as listed below. The local government authorities, who can be identified as the main financiers or sponsors of the project The project management team selected by the local authority. This team holds the overall responsibility of ensuring proper utilisation of project resources. Vehicle owners who shall be using the parking zones where the project shall be

Introduction to business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction to business - Assignment Example As indicated above, the environment of a business is dynamic and most noticeably complex. Therefore, these environmental aspects are considered crucial to a business, because they have an impact on the growth of business and generally, its survival in a competitive market. These aspects are not only critical because of a business’ survival in the market, but also because they are a gauge against changes in the market. These are changes that may be technological or economical in nature such as recessions or bank interests. When an organization is able to detect these changes, it becomes easier to adapt or work on how to evade any undesirable results. Business adaptability is crucial in a competitive market, and businesses that are not able to adapt to change soon operate on losses. According to Goodman, Ladzani, Bates, Botha, and Vries a market is defined as a place where trade takes place and based on the participation of sellers and buyers. Sellers and buyers participate by trading in goods or information. In my opinion, this definition is simple and based on the physical location of a market. However, today’s markets are rather different and more virtual rather than physical. An excellent example of this is the internet, which is now a large market and one which is most liquid. In defining the market, it is crucial to also mention that the market is not only focused on products and services, but also satisfies the needs of customers (Goodman, Ladzani, Bates, Botha, and Vries 16). In my opinion, the most appropriate way of defining the market is to think about the needs of customers before making any other business related move. After this, the next best step to take is to identify the products which meet the customer needs. In the contemporary society, companies use marketing tools to convince the buyers to buy goods from the market. The nonprofit organizations use the marketing tools to encourage buyers in the market. Hence, in

Case Sharp Printing, AG Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Sharp Printing, AG - Assignment Example In addition, I would prolong the project in order to give room for all people involved in the project implementation to make rational decisions regarding the cost of the project and how long it should take. More so, there is the need to plan and prepare for trade-offs concerning the laid down priorities of developing a laser-printing machine at a low price. As a project manager, I would present additional or extra revenues to be expected from implementing the project on projected time. The macro estimates may be off because the project is done when cost and time estimates are an issue. Everybody is not agreeing with the cost and time estimate provided by the project manager. The micro estimate can be trusted if the goal is to make the top management to focus away cost overrun to the predicted profits and the benefits of the product. Further, the micro estimates in such a project enhances cost and time estimate accurately than the macro estimates that has proven to be tough and inconsistent when making time and cost

Motorcycle Market Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motorcycle Market Report - Essay Example The recent trends in the motor bike industry suggest that the industry is shifting towards achieving more individualization or customization into the motor bikes offered to the customers. This customization comes in many forms. Therefore accessory offered by me is of really great value and according to the recent market trend. "The $14.6 billion* U.S. market for motorcycles is set to see its 13th consecutive growth year with the support of a key consumer bloc. Baby boomers are heading out on the highway in droves. Motorcycles, including cruisers, sport bikes, touring and dirt bikes accounted for nearly 91% of motorcycle sales in 2004 and scooters, standard bikes and dual-purpose bikes accounted for the rest of the market. All segments have experienced a boost in 2005 and through 2006, due to skyrocketing gas prices, bringing more cycle devotees into the core user group and further changing the face of the motorcycle consumer. In 2003, there were 8.8 million motorcycles in operation in the United States, or 3 motorcycles for every 100 persons. Of those, 6.9 million were used on public roads and highways, and 2.4 million were used off-road, these figures also include 500,000 dual-bikes, which are designed for use on public roads and for off-highway recreational purposes.*" (http://www.tank-sports.com) Heated grips work as a "flexible, adhesive, wrap-around heating element with printed-circuit-type elements that fit between the handlebar and grip, keeping your digits from turning into frozen turkey feet of limited utility during cold weather rides.. "(http://www.aerostich.com) C) The market for allied accessories are high as the trends for customization are increased. It has been observed that the there exists different markets for bikes of different classes. The demand for such luxury individualized bikes are such that it has now transformed itself into a luxury business. It must also be noted that the market for accessories also depends upon what kind of luxury is customer ordering. The new trends in the market suggest that the customers prefer various chracterstics. If a customer require speed, the chasis built on the bikes could be light with some extensions in steerings of the bike whereas those prefer long journey can have heated seats with extra cushions so that the journey become more swift and trouble free. The market is growing as many research studies have suggested that the average income in the industry of the end users is increasing . A study suggest following "The average motorcycle rider was a 38-year-old married male with a college education earning $44,250 per year, according to Irwin Broh & Associates's 1998 survey. More than a third of motorcycle owners surveyed earned at least $50,000 per year, up from 20 percent in 1990. This profile represented an increase from just two years earlier, when the average motorcycle owner was 32 years old, with a median household income of $33,100, according to the Motorcycle Statistical Annual 1996. These older, more affluent riders of 1998 could afford heavier, more comfortable, more expensive motorcycles. Also, the ranks of women motorcyclists continued to grow in the 1990s, rising from 6.4 percent of riders in 1990 to 8.2 percent in 1998." (http://www.answers.com) Thus the average spending on

Fictitious Business Description Essay Example for Free

Fictitious Business Description Essay The main purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in Castle’s Family Restaurant. We are therefore going to discuss on the HR problems in Castle’s Family Restaurant and how the implementation of HRIS will enable the company to reduce costs together with ensuring efficiency in HR operations (Randall S. Susan E. 2007). Business assessment Castle’s Family Restaurant in Northern California is the business to be assisted. It is large in size since it runs several branches in different locations and also has over 300 employees and this makes it to be a company. Depending on the size of the business, I have in my description assumed that Castle’s Family Restaurant is a since it has many employees and many branches. This assumption is based on the background of restaurant work environment and industry. Based on the basic theory of business complexity and getting work done restaurants should employ many workers to ensure that work is done efficiently like in the case of Castle’s Family Restaurant. Identified problems In the review of the HR of Castle’s Family Restaurant, I have noted the following: I have discovered that business does not have a human resource manager rather the operations manager served as HR manager. The company has not implemented HRIS which is important in monitoring the employee’s performance (Randall S. Susan E. 2007). It is therefore evident that the HR is experiencing problems since the HR manager is unqualified and had so many duties to handle which is quite tiresome for him. Some of the functions of a HR include manpower planning, recruitment and training of employees, hiring employees and monitoring employees to ensure high performance. In my analysis I will focus much on monitoring of employees performance which will help me design a business plan. The main reason for focusing on this HR function is because the company seems to have failed in its implementation of HRIS which could be useful in reducing the HR managers travel time and travelling costs and that is why the HR manager has to travel to the branches to monitors employees performance. According to the resource-based theory of Human Resources, strategic management of the company resources leads to its success (Randall S. Susan E. 2007). Increase in the costs incurred by the company is wastage of company resources since a better method can be implemented to reduce these costs and improve company’s performance. HRIS needs assessment According to Michael J. Mohan T. (2008), HRIS is an online solution used by Human Resources to enter data, track data and manage accounting and payroll functions of the company. The main purpose of implementing HRIS in a company is to reduce the manual workload in HR administrative activities through tracking existing workers. Implementation of this software will create a more efficient process from the HR in the sense that it will help the HR manager to manage information about the employees, analyze employee information, manage resumes and new applications and also complete payroll integration with other financial accounting software in the company (Michael J. Mohan T. 2008). Automating all HR functions saves a lot of time and resources and hence increasing efficiency in HR operations as suggested by the resource-based theory of Human Resources. By implementing HRIS in Castle’s Family Restaurant, the HR manager will not have to travel to all company branches to monitor and answer employees questions rather he will perform his duties in his office. All questions that need to be answered will be answered through this software. Application or implementation of HRIS in Castle’s Family Restaurant will therefore enable the HR manager to complete all of his tasks in a cost-effective manner. Conclusion As a HR consultant, I would advise Castle’s Family Restaurant to implement HRIS as this software will solve much of the HR problems and hence leading to reduced costs and improved HR efficiency. Implementation of HRIS will make the company to effectively use it resources for better operations.

Psychosynthesis Approach: Object Relations Theory Overview

Psychosynthesis Approach: Object Relations Theory Overview The therapeutic model of psychosynthesis grew out of the psychodynamic movement and is based on work done by Robert Assagioli (1888-1974). Psychosynthesis takes an optimistic view of the human condition, theorising that a person progresses naturally towards a state of synthesis. For Assagioli, synthesis refers to the idea that people become interdependent and create higher levels of organisation within themselves and others (Assagioli, 1975). This essay examines how psychosynthesis helps people to re-establish their own centre and reach a new level of authenticity within themselves through the use of object relations theory. The model of human consciousness within which psychosynthesis operates can be seen as comprising of a number of layers (Hardy Whitmore, 1999). The layer at which we most normally operate is referred to as the field of consciousness. Most people live their whole lives at this level and do not experience different levels. In psychosynthesis, however, there are considered to be a number of levels at which human beings operate: different, lower levels of consciousness as well the higher, collective consciousness. It is the lower levels of consciousness which are of most practical interest to therapists. These contain traumas that have been covered up, childhood experiences and defensive strategies. While trauma can lie hidden, so can our greatest assets, skills and happiness. Psychosynthesis aims to establish contact with both the traumatic, damaged parts of the self as well as the beautiful parts (Hardy Whitmore, 1999). This process is often called self-realisation and is the result of three stages in psychosynthesis. In infancy, the primary task is ego formation, the creation of a vehicle for the self (Simanowitz, 2003). The second stage is the emergence of the I which normally occurs in adolescence. The third stage is referred to as self-realisation and this is the growing consciousness of the essential self. The psychosynthesis counsellor acts as a kind of external unifying centre who can facilitate the growth of self-esteem through helping the client make the I-Self connection (Whitmore, 2000). One of the main ways in which the therapist helps the client is through mirroring these are confirming responses from the therapist which attempt to calm and soothe (Simanowitz, 2 003). How is it possible, then, to reach this ultimate goal of self-realisation and high self-esteem? Psychosynthesis uses an analysis based on object relations to examine early relationships in life. Object relations theory has at its core the idea that not only do we need relationships, but that the type of relationships that we have determine how our self develops (Crossley Gopfert, 1999). Object relations is, therefore, interested in the way the self develops through the initial relationships with the primary caregivers and how the child begins to split themselves off. Where does the boundary come? How can I tell who is you (the object) and who is me (the self, the I)? In psychosynthesis, these problems are approached using the tool of object relations. Object relations concentrates on two main types of objects: the external objects of other people and the internal objects which are the way in which external objects are represented internally. There are also part objects which are those that are not recognised as full whole people: one example of a part object is that of a breast to a baby. Minsky (1995) describes how Melanie Klein often considered a transitional figure between classical psychoanalysis and object relations theorists focussed on how a baby struggles to relate to people. Central to the way the baby relates is the phantasies it creates these are essentially the babys interpretations of its internal and external representations: what are now considered its object relations. For Klein, these phantasies are based on the childs instincts. The development of these early relations, in Kleins theory, sets the tone for a persons life. Klein saw two possible positions for the baby to take up (Minsky, 1995). The first is the paranoid-schizoid position this is based on the fear of attack. Because the baby is vulnerable and completely dependent on the mother, it fears what the mother might do to it. For Klein this was a developmental stage to be overcome in order to reach the understanding that it is possible to integrate hating and loving feelings. The second is called the depressive position and here the baby must learn to internalise an external world which contains the possibility of integrating good and bad objects. Bad feelings towards the mother and the self are, thereby, integrated and accepted. It is the depressive position that provides most of us with the greatest challenge in our lives. Klein identified four unconscious processes that are important in early object relations (Minsky, 1995). The first of these is termed splitting and refers to how the baby unconsciously splits objects into good and bad (Klein, 1946/1975). This occurs to defend the baby against annihilation anxiety and is directed against threats. An example of this is how the baby idealises the breast early in life. But, over time, through the struggle between the life and death instinct, a bad and good image is created of the breast. With splitting, in Kleins theory, comes the early production of the superego in which both the good and bad aspects of the breast and the mother are incorporated. The second unconscious process is projection which refers to the baby taking its inner good and bad feelings and projecting them onto the world. The inner bad objects, split off, can be projected onto the mother. The third unconscious process is introjection this is where the baby internalises both the good and the bad things around it. In order to build an autonomous self, the baby should internalise more good than bad (Minsky, 1995). Finally projective identification occurs where, after identifying with the object initially, the baby re-internalises it. This will often lead to heavy dependence on the love object as it has effectively included part of the self (Minsky, 1995). The problem with relationships built on projective identification is that they are often characterised by a need to control as well as fear of being controlled. Central to counselling in psychosynthesis is the idea of subpersonalities. These are identities that exist within the person, each with their own behaviour pattern, beliefs and even body posture (Whitmore, 2000). Depending on the situation in which a person is placed, a different subpersonality comes to the surface, which is appropriate in a healthy person. The subpersonalities are essentially unconscious, beyond the individuals control and are normally in place to meet some kind of basic need. The danger is that a person becomes trapped by one particular subpersonality and this starts to control their life. In order to work with subpersonalities it is necessary, according to Whitmore (2000), to recognise those that seem most important. And beyond the surface behaviour of a personality, lies their quality which they want to express. One example of recognising the quality of a subpersonality might be where an ex-addict has developed a tough-guy image the quality of perseverance and c ourage can be recognised in this (Whitmore, 2000). The idea of subpersonalities is built on, and informed by, Winnicotts (1960) distinction between the true and false self. The development of each of these is strongly affected by the mothers attitude towards her child. Winnicott (1960) describes the good-enough mother and the not good-enough mother. The former acknowledges the childs displays of omnipotence in order to encourage the development of the ego. The not good-enough mother, however, tends to, for example, substitute her own signs and signals for the babys and as such the baby only develops an illusion of omnipotence. This can lead to the impaired understanding of external objects, as they are not understood in their true sense. As a result of parenting practices such as these, it is possible for a false self to develop. A false self has been described by Rubin (1998) as a predictable or inauthentic mode of being, whereas the true self is spontaneous and authentic. A clinical vignette is provided by Winnicott (1960) of a middle-aged woman who had developed a caretaker self who looked after the day-to-day functions of her real life. She felt, though, that she had not been in contact with her real self and she had not begun to exist. Winnicott treated her by allowing the caretaker self to slowly pass over its functions to the analyst until a crisis point was reached. This crisis allowed the patient to see and understand the caretaker self as well as the real self. One of the most important therapeutic dynamics in psychosynthesis, as in other forms of psychotherapy, is transference. Transference describes how clients often re-enact with the therapist those early relationships that were important to them (Hardy Whitmore, 1999). This works as the client specifically projects the traits that were, for example, seen in the parents, onto the therapist and uses the same emotional responses and behaviours. By carrying out this projection, the client is attempting to repeat their early relationships, such that the therapist can become the target for a wide range of emotions (Whitmore, 2000). Counter-transference is an important related phenomenon to transference. This acknowledges that there are two people involved in the therapeutic relationship and it is possible that the therapist will start to play out early relationships as well. In psychosynthesis, it is vital that counter-transference is acknowledged by the therapist and that the client continu es to be viewed as containing immense potential. There are a number of ways in which transference can operate; two examples are idealisation and devaluation. Idealisation occurs when the client sees the therapist as a perfect person and incapable of making mistakes. What happens in this scenario is the client effectively creates in the therapist a surrogate parent who they wished they had had this provides them with external security. On the other hand, devaluation can cause the client to see the therapist as flawed or powerless because of the way in which transference has occurred and been identified (Ashbach, 1994). Transference, for Assagioli (1967), is seen as something to be reframed in a positive manner. In this sense, transference is an attempt by the client to find unity within themselves. The separation and splitting referred to earlier, at its most basic between mother and child, requires healing. To achieve this healing, the therapist mirrors unconditional love to the client, and attempts to dissolve transference as it arises. Through this process it is hoped that the client will be able to begin reintegrating the split-off parts, allowing the I to see all of them and hold them together. Ultimately, the aim of therapy is, as Masterson (1988) expresses it, to reach a concept of constancy and wholeness that acknowledges life is a series of shades of gray rather than black and white contrasts. In conclusion, ego development and self-esteem are addressed in object relations theory by examining the clients earliest relationships. Within these early relationships are found the dynamics which can reverberate through the rest of a persons life. Psychosynthesis uses object relations to analyse these relationship, paying particular attention to unconscious processes such as splitting, projection, introjection and projective identification. The process of therapy within this model pays particular attention to the operation of subpersonalities, as based on Winnicotts distinction between the true and false self, as well as how transference and counter-transference affect the therapeutic dynamic. Finally, psychosynthesis views the journey of therapy as being towards a reintegration and acceptance of the split-off parts of the self such that the client can reach a new authentic understanding and reconstruction of the personality around the true self. References Ashbach, C. (1994) Object Relations, the Self and the Group. Oxford: Routledge. Assagioli, R. (1967) Jung and Psychosynthesis. New York: Psychosynthesis Research Foundation. Assagioli, R. (1975) Psychosynthesis: A Collection of Basic Writings. Wellingborough: Northants Turnstone Press. Crossley, D., Gopfert, M. (1999) Cognitive analytic counselling and psychotherapy. In: S. Palmer (Ed.), Introduction to Counselling and Psychotherapy: The Essential Guide. London: Sage Publications. Hardy, J., Whitmore, D. (1999) Psychosynthesis. In: S. Palmer (Ed.), Introduction to Counselling and Psychotherapy: The Essential Guide. London: Sage Publications. Klein, M. (1946/1975) Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. In: R. Money-Kyrle (Ed.), The writings of Melanie Klein (Vol III, 176-235). New York: The Free Press (Macmillan) Masterson, J. F. (1988) The Search for the Real Self: Unmasking the Personality Disorders of Our Age. London: The Free Press. Minsky, R. (1995) Psychoanalysis and Gender: An Introductory Reader. Oxford: Routledge. Rubin, J. B. (1998) A Psychoanalysis for Our Time. New York: New York University Press. Simanowitz, V. (2003) Personality Development. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Whitmore, D. (2000) Psychosynthesis Counselling in Action. London: Sage Publications. Winnicott, D. W. (1965) The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. London: Hogarth Press.

Life Happens :: Essays Papers

Life Happens For just about every kid you really enjoy high school and really don’t think about what you are going to do after you graduate other than the fact that you know you are going to continue or to college of some kind. Well then there are the others who are not thinking about where they are going to go to college, but what job they are going to find so that they can support your child that they just found out that their girlfriend is having. You talk about an eye opener for those kids. Yes they may be eighteen years old and getting ready to move out on their own, but they are still kids getting ready to raise a kid. This is where it gets scary. It is the half way through your junior year and you have been having a great time. This is when the first slap in the face comes. You are talking to your girlfriend and she tells you that she is late. The first thing that runs through your mind is, â€Å"Late for what?† No sooner does that go through your brain and it hits you what she is late for, and that is when your heart hits the floor and like every other guy in the same situation you open your mouth, â€Å"Are you sure?† Like a girl not knowing when she is late for her period is kind of like a guy not knowing if he had an orgasm. After some guys have a few more beers and freak out for a few minutes, or hours, they think that they can not do this and that the girl should get an abortion. Sometimes the girl is right on board with this, and the baby is aborted and the teens lives go on like nothing ever happened. At least until the girl gets a conscious and starts thinking about what she has done and what could hav e been. This will bother the girl at least sometimes. It might bother the guy but not usually. Then there are other guys who after their freak out period they decide to take responsibility for their actions and tell the girl we will make it through this, we can do this. This is where the real story begins. Not only do we have two kids getting ready to leave the nest for the first time and learn how to spread their wings and fly, but they already have their own baby to teach how to do this also.

Automation in the Field of Law :: Technology Research Papers

Automation in the Field of Law Missing Works Cited The question of what should be automated in our world is one that deserves serious contemplation. In a time when technology seems to race past our population at an incredible rate, the thought of our whole world being automated is not a radical concept. It has been predicted that in the near future, every aspect of our society will contain some sort of automation. But what is automation exactly? A Webster’s Dictionary for college students defines automation as â€Å"the handling and fabrication of materials by automatic machinery, especially when no part of the process is done by hand.†1 The same source gives the definition of automatic as â€Å"operated by self-acting machinery.†2 My idea of automation is a machine taking over a job that a human used to perform in such a way that the machine acts on its own to accomplish the task. Webster seems to aim at automation under the terms of machinery; but in our world today, most of the automation we are conc erned with involves computers. Computers are said to be a billion times faster than human beings and are known for their capability to hold more information than humans ever could. So in a world where automation is beginning to gain more and more ground on a daily basis, most aspects of our society have seen its effects. This is especially true for the field of law. There is an important need in this field to remain organized in order for it to be successful. This task requires that billions of laws be filed in an efficient way so they can be accessed on a daily basis by lawyers and judges in order to formulate case arguments and decisions. Now that computers are an essential part of our business world, it seems obvious that some type of automation such as a software program should be introduced into the field of law to help remain organized. But beyond the simple computer program, what about the thought that the whole system itself could be automated? Believe it or not, this thought is already being discussed, and systems are already being designed for that purpose. In the following paper, I will talk about three different types of automation currently used or proposed for use in the legal system.

Christian Ethics Essay

Christian Ethics: Contemporary Issues & Options, Second Edition by Norman L. Geisler In this thorough update of a classic textbook, noted Christian thinker Norman Geisler evaluates contemporary ethical options (such as antinomianism, situation ethics, and legalism) and pressing issues of the day (such as euthanasia, homosexuality, and divorce) from a biblical perspective. The second edition is significantly expanded and updated, with new material and charts throughout the book. There are new chapters on animal rights, sexual ethics, and the biblical basis for ethical decisions, as well as four new appendixes addressing drugs, gambling, pornography, and birth control. The author has significantly updated his discussion of abortion, biomedical ethics, war, and ecology and has expanded the selected readings, bibliography, and glossary. Christian ethics is well summarized by Colossians 3:1-6: â€Å"Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God. Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things. When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with him in glory. Put to death, therefore, whatever belongs to your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires and greed, which is idolatry. Because of these, the wrath of God is coming. † When we say that the Christian believes that God exists, we mean something significantly different from what many modern people mean when they make that statement. The Christian believes in a God who is really there, a God who exists as an objective reality — not simply one who exists as a mere postulate. A postulate is something that is assumed to be true even when there is no proof that it is true; it is simply something assumed as a basis for reasoning. Modern theology, for instance, often tells man that God cannot be proved, that He must be accepted purely on faith, and it therefore reduces God to nothing more than a postulate. The Christian’s faith in God, however, unlike the faith of modern man, is a rational faith. When modern man says that he believes in God and yet says that God cannot be proved, he is accepting the idea of God as a faith-assumption. He has no rational basis for his belief in God, but he merely chooses to assume, against all the evidence, that God is. The Christian’s faith is instead grounded in reality. He believes in God, not because he chooses to believe in Him on the basis of a faith-assumption, but because he knows God is really there; the evidences for His existence are overwhelming. While more than just a list of â€Å"do’s† and â€Å"don’ts,† the Bible does give us detailed instructions on how we should live. The Bible is all we need to know about how to live the Christian life. However, the Bible does not explicitly cover every situation we will face in our lives. How then is it sufficient for the all the ethical dilemmas we face? That is where Christian ethics comes in. Science defines ethics as â€Å"a set of moral principles, the study of morality.† Therefore, Christian ethics would be the principles derived from the Christian faith by which we act. While God’s Word may not cover every situation we face throughout our lives, its principles give us the standards by which we must conduct ourselves in those situations where there are no explicit instructions. The term â€Å"Christian ethics,† as I shall use it, means a systematic study of the way of life exemplified and taught by Jesus, applied to the manifold problems and decisions of human existence. It therefore finds its base in the last of these frames of reference, and in the other five only as they are consistent with the sixth and exist as applications or implications of the moral insights of Jesus. This is not to claim that we have a perfect record of the life and teachings of Jesus, for historical scholarship has made it clear that the records we have in the Gospels reflect not only what Jesus was and did and said, but also what the early Church believed about him. Still less is it to claim that any fallible human mind can enter so fully into the divine-human consciousness of Jesus as to say without error what his judgment would be in every concrete case of contemporary decision, It is only to affirm that we have an adequate, a dependable, and an indispensable guide to Christian action in what we know of Jesus and in what through him we know of God. No other guide, however important and useful, is either adequate, or so dependable, or so indispensable. The Bible does not say anything explicitly about the use of illegal drugs,  yet based on the principles we learn through Scripture; we can know that it is wrong. For one thing, the Bible tells us (1 Corinthians 6:19-20) that the body is a temple of the Holy Spirit and that we should honor God with it Knowing what drugs do to our bodies—the harm they cause to various organs—we know that by using them we would be destroying the temple of the Holy Spirit. That is certainly not honoring to God. The Bible also tells us that we are to follow the authorities that God Himself has put into place (Romans 13:1). Given the illegal nature of the drugs, by using them we are not submitting to the authorities but are rebelling against them. Does this mean if illegal drugs were legalized it would be ok? Not without violating the first principle. By using the principles we find in Scripture, Christians can determine the ethical course for any given situation. In some cases it will be simple, like the rules for Christian living we find in Colossians, chapter 3. In other cases, however, we need to do a little digging. The best way to do that is to pray over God’s Word. The Holy Spirit indwells every believer, and part of His role is teaching us how to live: â€Å"But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you† (John 14:26) â€Å"As for you, the anointing you received from him remains in you, and you do not need anyone to teach you. But as his anointing teaches you about all things and as that anointing is real, not counterfeit—just as it has taught you, remain in him† (1 John 2:27) So, when we pray over Scripture, the Spirit will guide us and teach us. He will show us the principles we need to stand on for any given situation. While God’s Word does not cover every situation we will face in our lives, it is all sufficient for living a Christian life. For most things, we can simply see what the Bible says and follow the proper course based on that. In ethical questions where Scripture does not give explicit instructions, we need to look for principles that can be applied to the situation. We must pray over His Word, and open ourselves to His Spirit. The Spirit will teach us and guide us through the Bible to find the principles on which we need to stand so we may live as a Christian should. Ethics is the study of good and evil, right and wrong. Biblical Christian ethics is inseparable from theology because it is grounded in the character of God. The task of Christian ethics, then, is to determine what conforms to God’s character and what does not. Francis Schaeffer explains the uniqueness of Christian ethics: â€Å"One of the distinctions of the Judeo-Christian God is that not all things are the same to Him. That at first may sound rather trivial, but in reality it is one of the most profound things one can say about the Judeo–Christian God. He exists; He has a character; and not all things are the same to Him. Some things conform to His character, and some are opposed to His character. † Muslims believe that moral norms are arbitrary, a product of God’s decree, and therefore can change as God chooses. Marxists and Secular Humanists rely almost exclusively on their economic or naturalistic philosophy to determine ethics. Postmodernists argue for a morality based on shared â€Å"community† values and Cosmic Humanists assume that everyone acts morally by following inner truth determined on an individual basis. Christians, on the other hand, believe that moral norms come from God’s nature or essence. Rather than believing in some passing fancy bound to society’s ever-changing whims, as Christians we are committed to a specific moral order revealed to us through both general and special revelation. ?We know that God’s ethical order is the only true source of morality, and, in fact, the only possible morality, there can be no other. â€Å"The human mind,† says C. S. Lewis, â€Å"has no more power of inventing a new value than of imagining a new primary color, or, indeed, of creating a new sun and a new sky for it to move in.† For the Christian, the moral order is as real as the physical order—some would say even more real. The Apostle Paul says the physical order is temporary, but the order â€Å"not seen† is eternal (2 Corinthians 4:18). This eternal moral order is a reflection of the character and nature of God Himself. Christian ethics, in one sense, is simply an expansion of a moral order that is generally revealed to everyone. Despite some disagreement regarding the morality of specific actions, Calvin D. Linton comments on the consistency of the moral code within all people everywhere: â€Å" .  . . [T]here is a basic pattern of similarity among [ethical codes]. Such things as murder, lying, adultery, cowardice are, for example, almost always condemned. The universality of the ethical sense itself (the ‘oughtness’ of conduct), and the similarities within the codes of diverse cultures indicate a common moral heritage for all mankind which materialism or naturalism cannot explain. †3 We may define this common moral heritage as anything from an attitude to a conscience, but however we define it, we are aware that some moral absolutes do exist outside ourselves. According to this universal moral code, whenever we pass judgment we are relying upon a yardstick that measures actions against an absolute set of standards. Without a standard, justice could not exist; without an ethical absolute, morality could not exist. This objective, absolute standard is apparent throughout humanity’s attitudes toward morality. According to a secular philosophy, we should treat all morals as relative—but in practice, even secular society treats some abstract values (such as justice, love, and courage) as consistently moral. Secular society also cringes at the Nazi holocaust, the Russian prison system of Siberian gulags, and the abuse of children. We cannot explain this phenomenon unless we accept the notion that certain value judgments apply universally and are somehow inherent to all mankind. Christian morality is founded on the conviction that an absolute moral order exists outside of, and yet somehow is inscribed into, our very being. It is a morality flowing from the nature of the Creator through the nature of created things, not a construction of the human mind. It is part of God’s general revelation. â€Å"At the core of every moral code,† says Walter Lippman, â€Å"there is a picture of human nature, a map of the universe, and version of history. To human nature (of the sort conceived), in a universe (of the kind imagined), after a history (so understood), the rules of the code apply. †4 This moral light is what the Apostle John refers to as having been lit in the hearts of all men and women—†The true light that gives light to every man† (John 1:9, NIV). It is what the Apostle Paul calls â€Å"the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience† (Romans 2:15). This morality is not arbitrarily handed down by God to create difficulties for us. God does not make up new values according to whim. Rather, God’s innate character is holy and cannot tolerate evil or moral indifference—what the Bible calls sin. Look in any concordance of the Bible, and it becomes apparent that one of the words, which appear most frequently, is â€Å"sin. † From first to last, sin is the story of man’s behavior, even as salvation from sin is the great theme of the Bible. Christianity is through and through a religion of redemption, and while the whole gamut of salvation is not expressed in redemption from sin, this is its central core. Although, as we noted, naturalism and humanism tend to think of sin as an outmoded concept and talk instead about maladjustment, insecurity, neurosis, or antisocial conduct, the term remains in the diction of Christians. But what does it mean? There is no clear agreement as to its meaning, and the ambiguity with which sin is regarded is responsible for much ineffectiveness in Christian preaching and in Christian living. To some persons, and probably to the majority of ordinary Christian laymen, sin means transgression of those standards of conduct usually accepted by the people around them. A Christian is expected not to kill, steal, lie, commit adultery or other sexual infractions, or get drunk. How far he can move in these directions, as in exploiting others to one’s own gain, driving a shrewd deal or pursuing an advantage, stretching the truth, â€Å"having a little affair,† or drinking in moderation, depends for most persons less on the will of God or the revelation of God in Jesus Christ than on what is and what is not done in one’s community. The community, though it embraces the geographical area in which one lives, is a far more pervasive thing than this, for a community is in a large part defined by the social standards of like-minded people. For this reason conflicts as to what constitutes sin often arise between the younger and older generations, or between ministers and their laymen, or between the people of one church and another. Take, for example, the matter of drinking a glass of wine or beer. To some Christians this is a sin. To others, if it is done in moderation, it has no more significance than to drink a cup of coffee. Some regard it as sinful for a minister to drink, but not for a layman — and still more is this disparity in evidence with regard to smoking. A Roman Catholic or an Anglican or a German Lutheran Christian is likely to take a much freer view of such indulgences than is an American Methodist. I am not at this point trying to say who is right. What this illustrates is the ambiguity that emerges when the attempt is made to define sin, or â€Å"a sin,† by accepted social practice. A large part of the message of Jesus was the challenging of both Pharisaic and Gentile ideas of sin by a higher law. The chief danger in defining sin by accepted social practice is not its ambiguity. This, if recognized, can be made the basis of mutual tolerance while holding to one’s own convictions. Thus, Christians may sincerely differ as to the duty of the Christian to be, or not to be, a pacifist; but if one forms his opinion only by the standards of his group and then calls it the will of God for all, God has actually been left out of the picture. This procedure constantly happens, from the most insignificant matters to the greatest, and is a major source of the perversion of Christian ethics.